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About the Academy of Management

Members
Q: What is Management?
man•age•ment 1
noun
1. the act or manner of managing; handling, direction, or control.
2. skill in managing; executive ability: great management and tact.
3. the person or persons controlling and directing the affairs of a business, institution, etc.: The store is under new management.
4. executives collectively, considered as a class ( distinguished from labor).
Origin: 1590–1600; manage + -ment
Synonyms
1. regulation, administration; superintendence, care, charge, conduct, guidance, treatment.
1 management. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/management (accessed: December 06, 2011).
To us, “management” deals with organizations, its operations, oversight, nuances and research of all things which make organizations successful. Our members are researchers, teachers, scholars and practitioners in diverse segments of management. Some research the many aspects of management, explore the workings of successful organizations and leaders, dissect the failures and why they came to be, and overall develop hypotheses through which academics grow their knowledge and practitioners can direct their movements. Others bring their expertise, knowledge and demonstrated leadership to the classroom to train the next generation of leaders. While others are in the field armed with knowledge of history and cutting edge data analysis.
Governance of AOM
Q: Are Board minutes available to members?
Decisions resulting from board meeting discussions may be placed online, published in the membership newsletter, or distributed directly to Divisions, Interest Groups, Committees, and/or the full membership. Highlights of recent board meetings are available on the Board Meetings page.
Q: For individual role descriptions see:
President
President Elect
Vice President
Vice President Elect
Past President
Executive Director/Secretary-Treasurer
Q: How are Board meetings planned and conducted?
Care is given to preparing an agenda for each Board meeting that reflects the role of the Board as a strategic rather than an operational body. Generally, a Board agenda has three components:
1. a planning/visioning exercise
2. action items pertaining to old and new business
3. consent reports that are provided to the Board for informational purposes but only discussed if board members have questions. The Board acts only on the basis of group discussion and decision.
Q: How are Board members elected or appointed?
Annually, in the fall, a "Call for Nominations" is sent electronically to all voting members. Members may nominate themselves or others for the four seats on the Board that become vacant each year: vice president elect and program chair elect and three representatives-at-large. The nominating committee, a standing committee of the Board, takes nominations into consideration when constructing the slate of candidates.
In the spring, all voting members select a new vice president elect and program chair elect from among three nominees and select three new representatives-at-large from among three nominees for each slot. The three representatives-at-large are nominated on the basis of activity in the divisions, activity in the affiliates, and potential leadership.
New officers and Board members, elected by May, officially assume their positions at the conclusion of the August annual meeting.
For more see:
Nominations and Elections
Q: How can volunteer for or become chair of a committee?
Contact the chair if you are interested in joining or volunteering for a specific committee. The chair typically recruits new or additional committee members in the summer and early fall.
Most committee chairs are appointed by the Board and incoming president. A chair is usually chosen because they have experience in or previously served on a specific committee.
Q: How do the Board and its committees/task forces communicate outside of the meetings?
The Board, committees, and task forces rely predominantly upon e-mail to communicate. Some Board committees physically meet before the December, April/May and August Board meetings.
Q: How does the Board communicate its actions to members of the Academy?
Board actions are communicated through several routes:
- Newsletters
- Listserv networks
- Board-appointed liaisons to committees
- Board members assigned to address a particular constituency (for instance, the president-elect serves as division liaison; the past president serves as a liaison with affiliated and associated societies)
Q: How is business brought to the attention of the Board?
Proposals from members, board members, or committees are given to the president in advance of a meeting; a copy is given to the executive director. The president, with the input of the executive director, decides if a given proposal will be placed directly on the board agenda, directed to a committee for further evaluation and recommendation, or handled in some other manner. All proposals must be received in writing and in advance of the meeting, whether they are initiatives led by officers or by others. Initiatives proposed by officers must have been discussed by the Executive Committee prior to being placed on the Board agenda.
Q: How is the Board of Governors structured?
The Board of Governors is comprised of 15 individuals, including the president, president elect, vice president and program chair, vice president elect and program chair elect, past president, nine representatives-at-large, all of whom are elected. The executive director and secretary-treasurer is an ex officio member.
For more see:
Meet the Board
Leadership Directory
Q: What are the responsibilities of Board members?
Serving as the elected representative of nearly 20,000 active members of a professional association is a weighty responsibility. Each year, the president assigns specific duties to each non-officer member of the Board. Common duties include:
- Attending all regularly scheduled board and committee meetings and participating fully in these meetings
- Coming to meetings fully prepared to discuss all agenda items
- Following up promptly on all assignments between meetings
- Facilitating the flow of information and decisions between board meetings
- Serving as the chair, the understudy chair, or a member of an Academy committee
- Serving as a liaison to various Academy committees and functions
Q: What are the roles of the officers?
Each of the five volunteer officers serves a five-year term unless unseated in an election. The progression of responsibilities is: vice president elect and program chair elect to vice president and program chair, vice president and program chair to president elect, president elect to president, and finally president to past president. Each position has a distinct function. The executive director, who serves as the secretary-treasurer, is an ex officio officer of the Board.
Q: What are the terms of office?
The officer elected to the position of vice president elect and program chair elect typically holds a succession of positions on the Board for five years unless unseated in an election by a write-in candidate. The succession of the positions is as follows: vice president elect and program chair elect to vice president and program chair, vice president and program chair to president elect, president elect to president and finally president to past president.
Representatives-at-large serve staggered three-year terms.
Q: What are the types and roles of committees?
All committees and task forces operate under the direction of the Board of Governors. They are generally given responsibility for designing and operating an Academy service (such as placement ), making policy recommendations to the Board (a typical task force charge), or implementing Board-approved organizational initiatives (a typical theme committee charge).
There are three types of committees:
- Board Committees - Board committees are work groups of the Board, chaired and composed of Board members. These include such committees as the Ethics Committee and Strategic Intent Committees (Internationalization, Professional Impact, State of the Profession, Academy Management). Two committees of the Board are standing committees mandated by the bylaws. They are:
1. Executive Committee: composed of the five officers, which also serves as the Fiscal Affairs Committee, overseeing budget and other financial matters, and
2. Nominating Committee: which develops the slate of candidates for office in each election.
- Theme Committees - Theme committees address core "programmatic themes" that have broad appeal to all Academy members. Whereas the divisions and interest groups provide disciplinary home bases for members with specific scholarly interests, the charge to the theme committees is to improve the proficiency of all Academy members in regard to a core set of professional interests and activities. Thus, the Diversity & Inclusion Theme Committee (DITC), Teaching Theme Committee (TTC), Practice Theme Committee (PTC), and International Theme Committee (ITC) share a common responsibility to help all of our members improve their professional competency in these three areas.
- Additional Committees - Additional committees are all others that carry out the work of the Academy. They include the Placement Committee, Membership Committee, Division and Interest Group Relations Committee, and various award committees, to name just a few. Committees may serve the purpose of carrying out all major activities of a particular service, as in the case of the Placement Committee, or work on a more limited set of tasks such as the annual review of divisions, as in the case of the Division and Interest Group Relations Committee. Committee chairs provide periodic status and progress reports to the president, who shares them with the Board. They assemble at each annual meeting for two purposes:
1. To provide a progress report to the Board on the past year
2. To meet with the incoming president about the year ahead.
Proposals from committees are handled in the same manner as proposals from officers and others. See: How is business brought to the Board?.
Q: What is the role of a task force?
Task forces are typically results of specific Board directives. They are charged with addressing an issue and recommending back to the Board a proposed policy or course of action. Task forces usually exist for a limited period of time.
Q: What is the role of the Board liaison to a committee or task force?
The Board assigns members as liaisons to committees and task forces in an effort to improve its communication with key activity areas. The purpose of a liaison is to:
- Communicate Board action to the committee
- Inform committee discussion
- Receive proposals for Board action
- Generally keep the president and the Board apprised of committee/task force activities, needs, and progress.
Q: What is the role of the Board of Governors?
Fundamentally, the Board is charged with seven key roles:
- Serving as keeper of the society's mission. The Board keeps the overall mission of the Academy clearly in focus and works to ensure that the objectives of the association are in harmony with its mission.
- Charting the future direction of the association. With input from the Academy's various stakeholders, the Board charts or envisions a path to the future, but it leaves the piloting to committees, staff, and key volunteers. The Board works collaboratively to create and periodically revise plans that include guiding statements for the future, which are based not only on forecasts derived from past and present trends, but also on predictions of significant developments in the profession and in higher education that affect member needs.
- For more see:
Statement of Strategic Direction
- Creating policy. The Board creates policy that reflects its values and defines how the association prefers to work. The policy making done by the Board is broad in scope as contrasted to the operating procedures that are developed by volunteers and staff in charge of various activities. Anyone may initiate a proposal for Academy-wide policies or policy change; adoption of policy is the domain of the Board.
- Providing resources and support. The Board creates access to resources and provides moral support and guidance to those who carry out the work of the association. In addition, the Board broadly oversees the programs of the various units to ensure that objectives are being achieved in the best fashion possible.
- Spanning the boundary between the association and the environment. The Board creates links to important constituencies and creates positive visibility for the society.
- For more see:
Affiliated and Associated Societies
News & Press
- Ensuring future leadership. The Board provides for the development of its own leadership as well as that of volunteer positions and executive staff.
- For more see:
Nominations and Elections
- Carrying out legal, ethical, and fiduciary responsibilities of the association. The Board ensures compliance with the law and, going beyond legal requirements, inquires as to the ethical nature of its own actions and the actions of the association. The Board is the guardian of member dues and other association assets. The executive committee serves as the fiscal affairs committee.
Q: When does the Board of Governors meet?
The Board meets three times a year, in August, December, and April.
For more see:
Upcoming Board Meetings
Q: Who covers the cost of participating on the Board?
The Academy supports the direct expense of the December and April Board meetings. Since board members attend the August meeting as a part of their own professional activities, the Academy only provides accommodations for the week and meals during the Board meeting. As a voluntary nonprofit association, the Academy relies heavily upon the support of members' institutions and in-kind services.

Ethics

Q: How were the revised Code and standards developed?

The revised Code and standards were developed and recommended by the Ethics Task Force, with additional input from the Academy's Board of Governors, journal editors, and individual members who have contributed ideas and proposals throughout the years. The aspirational principles and guidelines are taken from our current Code and the enforced standards are largely adapted from the codes of other professional associations whose scientific principles are similar to ours. In this sense, the revised Code is not really new.

Q: In summary, what are the basic differences between this newly adopted Code of Ethics and the previous one?

ETHICS Program

Code Content	Aspirational Principles	Aspirational Principles (taken from existing code) Enforced Ethical Standards Rules & Procedures for Adjudication of Ethics Violations
Code Boundaries	None. Broad aspirational scope.	Ethical Standards enforced in AOM context: AOM officials and members/non members participating in AOM activities Non AOM issues handled through referrals, general counseling, resource materials, and education only.
Socialization / Contracting	- Voluntary adherence to code - Some policies & ethical expectations at operational levels (e.g., placement rules, author copyright transfer)	Code is referenced in bylaws Adherence to code is acknowledged as an obligation of membership when joining Reaffirmation of ethical expectations at key points of interaction (annual meeting submissions, manuscript submissions, etc). Oaths, conflict of interest statements for officials Policies and ethical standards at operational levels in the AOM
Ethics Education	Minimal to none.	Prevention through ethics education is emphasized.
Ethics Enforcement	- No code enforcement or formal sanctions. - Problem resolution handled informally after it occurs. - Some enforcement of policies having ethics implications (rejection of manuscripts for duplicate submission). - No coordinated approach to problem resolution or ethics violations.	Informal resolution between the parties encouraged Formal process for enforcement of code's ethical standards in AOM context Formal process for members/non members to file complaints of ethics violations against other members/nonmembers Support structure to adjudicate charges of ethics violations giving voice to both parties Possible sanctions, up to and including termination of membership
Support Structure	- Historically one member of the board called Ethics Coordinator to "counsel" on ethics questions, typically non AOM matters. - Recent attempts to assemble a broader committee to infuse positive professional practice into the AOM. - Ethics Task Force recently charged with recommending a new approach to ethics in AOM	Rules and Procedures for Enforcement of Ethical Standards of code supported by a formal structure: Composition: Ethics Committee - committee of board, chaired by past president, for policy, strategy, code update, summation of decisions, feedback to committees Ethics Ombudsperson - clearinghouse for ethics inquiries. Gatekeeper for ethics complaints. Chair serves on Ethics Committee. Also, handles ethics issues involving the AOM president. Ethics Education Committee - charged with encouraging and carrying out educational efforts Ethics Adjudication Committee - responsible for enforcement (hearing and adjudicating complaints) Appeals Panel -independent panel charged with hearing appeals to decisions and sanctions Complaint Process - Rules pertaining to eligibility and procedure for filing complaints, notice to charged members and possible sanctions Appointment & Independence -- Support structure is connected to but has independence from the board: Heads of all ethics functions appointed by the past president. Past president serves as chair of ethics committee. Ombudsperson handles ethics issues involving the AOM president.

Q: Is the Academy experiencing many ethics problems?

: No. No single event or issue has prompted this change. We are seeing, however, a need to establish and communicate standards and expectations at various levels of participation in the Academy, especially in the areas of publications and research, and especially as the Academy grows in size. When issues have arisen in the past they have been handled in a fair but somewhat ad hoc manner. The revised Code and the procedures that support it now allow for ethics concerns to be handled systematically and in a way that is more consistent and procedurally just.

Q: Is the Code of Ethics new?

Not entirely. The Academy has always had a Code consisting of aspirational principles and guidelines. The revised Code still contains broad societal aspirations and guidelines for everyday professional activities but also now contains ethical standards. The ethical standards of the revised Code are enforceable within the context of Academy of Management activities, such as publishing in Academy journals, participating in placement, or submitting a paper to the annual meeting.

Q: To whom does the revised Code apply?

: The revised Code applies to Academy officers and members and nonmembers participating in Academy activities. Member activities outside of the Academy are not covered by the Code but guidance, education, and referral services will be made available.

Q: What are the basic policies and procedures for handling an ethics complaint?

Please review the full Policies and Procedures for Handling Charges of Ethical Standards Violations as well as related information located on the AOM Ethics web page. In summary, an Ombuds Committee serves as the receiver of all ethics inquiries. Visitors should file a formal ethics complaint with the Ethics Adjudication Committee that renders a decision and determines the best suitable course for resolving the matter. Sanctions may apply. However, if the evidence in the complaint is not deemed sufficient, complaints can be dismissed. An Ethics Committee of the Board of Governors is established to address matters of ethics strategy and Code development, and an Ethics Education Committee is charged with educating Academy members about the Code and serving as a catalyst for educational efforts throughout the Academy. The policies and procedures are guided by the following principles: predictable, transparent, impartial, democratic, confidential, efficient, and educative.

Q: What do we hope to achieve with a revised Code and ethics program?

We expect that a revised Code and ethics program will have these benefits:

Demonstrate and reflect commitment to and expectation of ethical behavior and decision making in the Academy
Help officers, volunteers, members, and non members responsibly face and overcome ethical dilemmas they may encounter while participating in Academy activities
Provide a fair and transparent framework for resolving ethical issues
Develop a common understanding and sense of community around an articulated set of norms and professional standards.

Q: Why is this change being introduced?

The desire for a revised Code and a new approach to ethics in the Academy has been a longstanding topic of conversation dating back more than a decade. In fact, dozens of members throughout the years have been working toward this aim. A revised Code is the cornerstone of a larger ethics program that also includes ethics education and socialization. The change is being introduced as a proactive measure to enhance positive professional practice while also providing a mechanism for handling ethics complaints, should they occur.

Divisions & Interest Groups
Q: How do the divisions and interest groups work?
Divisions and interest groups elect their own officers and establish their own committees and/or task forces. Each has a budget for carrying out programs and services based on the number of its members. Divisions and interest groups may have their own bylaws, in conformance with the bylaws of the Academy, and are subject to Academy policies. The president-elect of the Academy serves as the formal contact on the Board of Governorsfor the divisions and interest groups. Divisions and interest groups offer a range of services, including educational sessions and social events at the annual meeting, newsletters, Web pages, professional development opportunities, and recognition programs .
Q: What are divisions and interest groups?
Divisions provide disciplinary "home bases" for members with specific scholarly interests. They function like mini societies by encouraging scholarship, dissemination of information, and fellowship among persons of similar academic and professional interest. There are currently 25 professional divisions and interest groups the Academy governed by their respective memberships in conformance with Academy policies and bylaws.
Interest groups are formed around emerging trends in management thought and research, unlike the divisions, which represent established bodies of management knowledge. The research focus of interest groups is in areas where members are beginning to make or are likely to make scholarly contributions, whereas the research focus of divisions is firmly rooted; members are clearly and regularly making scholarly contributions and the body of scholarship has an independent record in scholarly books and journals and in application to the management field.

Membership
- Current Members
  Q: Can I change my ID/password?
  Yes. Once you are logged in, click the link for MY PROFILE located in the upper right hand corner. Access the tab called MY ACCOUNT in the blue horizontal bar where you will find a link to reset your login credentials. If you forgot your password, please click “Forgot Password” link and it will be sent to the email listed in your member record. If you have a new email address please contact Member Services and they will be able to assist you. membership@aom.org.
  Q: Can I change my name?
  For security purposes, name changes cannot be made in your online Profile. Name changes must be made in writing by contacting the office at membership@aom.org for assistance.
  Q: Can I get a new journal if it has not been received or arrives damaged?
  Yes. Claim requests must be received in writing to the Member Services team at membership@aom.org.
  It is important that you first review the Academy’s policy regarding claimed issues to ensure your claim can be processed.
  Q: Can I prepay my membership or pay for multiple terms at one time?
  The Academy only offers one year terms at this time. We do not accept prepayment of membership prior to a renewal billing period or payment for multiple terms.
  Q: Can I send a mass email message to fellow members for solicitation purposes?
  Members may only use the information contained on our website and its directories for individual networking and communication. No part of the information available on this site and its directories can be redistributed, copied, or reproduced for commercial or non-personal use without the prior written consent of the Academy of Management. Specifically, users of the site may not compile AOM member names/addresses/emails to be used for product promotion, unwanted/unsolicited communications, mass mailings or "spamming". AOM reserves the right to monitor the use of the information contained herein and can take appropriate remedial action, including, but not limited to, barring access to parts of the site for violations of this policy.
  Q: Can I send a mass survey to fellow members?
  Members may only use the information contained on our website and its directories for individual networking and communication. No part of the information available on this site and its directories can be redistributed, copied, or reproduced for commercial or non-personal use without the prior written consent of the Academy of Management. Specifically, users of the site may not compile AOM member names/addresses/emails to be used for product promotion, unwanted/unsolicited communications, mass mailings or "spamming". AOM reserves the right to monitor the use of the information contained herein and can take appropriate remedial action, including, but not limited to, barring access to parts of the site for violations of this policy.
  
  The Academy does not provide permission for using our member’s contact information for any kind of mass surveys. This policy is in place to protect our members’ privacy and to restrict e-mail use to Academy business only.
  
  Outlets available to you, however, may be your division listserv(s) and social media sites where members and non-members subscribe based on a demonstrated interest. Listservs rules can vary, so you will be required to contact the moderator of each listserv to ask permission.
  
  Q: Can I transfer my membership?
  All memberships are “individual only” and are non-transferrable and non-refundable.
  Q: Can you help me find information for my thesis or research project?
  No, not directly. The Academy is a professional membership association; we do not offer research services. The Academy's journals, in hard copy and electronic format, are also widely available in university libraries. You should work closely with your faculty advisor on questions pertaining to your research.
  
  Q: Do you have local chapters?
  We do not have chapters, however, our organizational structure divides membership into Division and Interest Group that are specific scholarly domains. Academy members collaborate and exchange expertise in 25 management disciplines. You receive (2) complimentary division/interest group selections of your choice with a membership.
  The Academy does have a number of Affiliate and Associate Societies that are independent associations with whom we share cooperative relationships. The Academy builds cooperative relationships and networks with these other societies because we share the common commitment to advancing the scholarship and practice of management. Membership within these regional societies is distinct and separate. You can find more information about these societies through our Affiliated and Associated Societies link. Many members of these societies are also members of the Academy.
  Q: Do you offer group memberships?
  We do not offer institutional memberships or group licenses. Our memberships are “individual” only and are non-transferrable and non-refundable. This policy extends to division and interest groups as well.
  Q: How can I purchase the Academy’s mailing list?
  Obtain targeted, qualified leads for your direct mail advertising campaign by renting the Academy of Management's mailing list. For rates and information, contact the Academy's list manager, MGI Lists.
  Academy of Managment Lists Sales
  Q: How can I reinstate my expired membership?
  You can reinstate your membership by using your past login information. If you do not remember your past login information and your email has not changed you can simply click the “Forgot Password” link and it will be sent to the email listed in your member record. If you have a new email address please contact Member Services and they will be able to assist you. membership@aom.org.
  Q: How can I renew my membership?
  We offer three easy ways to renew your AOM membership! Before your membership term expires, you will receive an email renewal notification followed by a print invoice in the mail before your expiration. To renew your membership, you can:
  
  1) Renew Online and update your membership dues with your valid credit card
  2) Fax your renewal invoice with your credit card number to +1 914-326-1900
  3) Mail your renewal invoice with your payment to P.O. Box 419480, Boston, MA 02241-9480
  For additional questions please contact Member Services at membership@aom.org.
  Q: How do I cancel my membership?
  All cancellation requests must be received in writing directly from the individual member. We do not accept cancellation requests on behalf of a member from institutions even if they have been paid for by that institution. If a member is no longer at an institution, journal deliveries can be halted by contacting the Member Services team at membership@aom.org.
  
  Members may submit a cancellation request to membership@aom.org. Memberships are cancelled on the expiration date in order to take advantage of all your benefits. However, immediate cancellations can be requested.
  Q: How do I change my journal delivery options?
  By default all members have electronic access to all of our (6) journals. You may, however, opt to receive a print copy to one or all the journals, except the Annals, through your MY PROFILE link. Once you are signed in you will find this link in the upper right hand corner of the page. In your profile, select the ACADEMY PROFILE tab and navigate to the JOURNAL DELIVERY PREFERENCES section where you will see a link to select this option. You may also contact Member Services to assist you at membership@aom.org.
  Q: How do I change my membership type?
  You can upgrade your membership from Student to Academic or Executive at the time of renewal. If you wish to upgrade before renewal please contact the office a membership@aom.org. Changes to Emeritus or from Academic or Executive to Student must be requested by contacting the office at membership@aom.org for verification purposes.
  Q: How do I change or add an additional division or interest group to my profile?
  Changes to division selections are most easily made at the time of your annual membership renewal. Changes requested may fall into one of two categories:
  1. NO FEE INVOLVED: You may exchange one current complimentary division/interest group for a new complimentary selection at the time of your renewal, or if you are mid-term in your membership, please fill out the Division Change Request Form and email it to membership@aom.org.
  2. FEE INVOLVED: You may add a division/interest group in addition to your existing complimentary division/interest group selections for a fee. ($11.00 USD per division; $7.00 USD per interest group). Simply sign in at http://aom.org and access your My Profile link. You will see a tab on your Profile page labeled Academy Profile and within this tab will be a link to "Add a Division".
  
  Q: How do I retrieve my membership receipt?
  A copy of your receipt is available once you are logged in through the MY PROFILE link found in the upper right hand corner. Once on your PROFILE page, simply navigate the the MY ACCOUNT tab where you will find a list of all your receipts and the option for either printing or emailing a copy.
  Q: How do I update my contact information?
  The most efficient way to update your contact information is through the MY PROFILE link found in the upper right hand corner once you are logged in. There are small pencil icons in those areas of your PROFILE that enable you to make updates. You may also contact Member Services to assist you at membership@aom.org.
  Q: I forgot my password?
  You can simply click the “Forgot Password” link in the log in area and a reset link will be sent to the email listed in your member record. If you have a new email address please contact Member Services at membership@aom.org and they will be happy to assist you.
  Q: What is a Student Membership?
  The Academy recognizes a student as someone from an accredited college/university/institution who is currently enrolled full time as a student [a minimum of 12 credits], or as a part time student [less than 12 credits] without full time employment.
  If you are applying for a Student membership we require that you send us proof of student status, which can be in the form of ONE of the following:
  - Letter of confirmation on official letterhead from your university/college/school official verifying student status
  - Enrollment Certificate from university/college/school official verifying student status
  - Registrar/Bursar receipt for current semester registration/charges
  - Grade Report or Student Schedule from current semester
  Student dues are at a reduced rate for a maximum of six consecutive years from the original join date, including missed or lapsed years.
  Student proofs can be emailed to Member Services at membership@aom.org.
  Q: What is your membership term?
  Membership periods are for one year and are based on an anniversary date. Official term dates always begin the 1^st of the following month, but benefits commence the day payment is accepted and applied. Memberships are individual only, non-transferrable, and non-refundable.
  Q: Who do I contact for permission to reprint material from your journals?
  Permission must be obtained prior to photocopying, disseminating, or republishing articles. Please refer to the Copy or Republish Articleslink for more information.
  Q: Who is entitled to Emeritus status?
  The Academy does offer an Emeritus category to current members who have retired from full-time work and have been a member of the Academy for more than 10 consecutive years. The Emeritus category offers a reduced rate and there is no change to member benefits. If you fall within this category, please contact Member Services at membership@aom.org and they will be happy to assist you in updating your record. We do not offer an Emeritus rate to new members joining the Academy for the first time.
- Non-Member
  Q: Are single issues of the Academy's journals available for purchase?
  Yes. For the list of available issues and ordering instructions, please contact the publishing department.
  Q: Can I get a free sample article from your journals?
  A free online sample issue for each journal may be found at http://journals.aom.org.
  If you'd like to purchase a single issue, please contact the publishing department.
  The Academy's journals are also widely available in University libraries.
  Q: Can I prepay my membership or pay for multiple terms at one time?
  The Academy only offers one year terms at this time. We do not accept prepayment of membership prior to a renewal billing period or payment for multiple terms.
  Q: Can I send a mass email message to fellow members for solicitation purposes?
  Members may only use the information contained on our website and its directories for individual networking and communication. No part of the information available on this site and its directories can be redistributed, copied, or reproduced for commercial or non-personal use without the prior written consent of the Academy of Management. Specifically, users of the site may not compile AOM member names/addresses/emails to be used for product promotion, unwanted/unsolicited communications, mass mailings or "spamming". AOM reserves the right to monitor the use of the information contained herein and can take appropriate remedial action, including, but not limited to, barring access to parts of the site for violations of this policy.
  Q: Do I have to be a member to submit a paper for presentation at your Annual Meeting?
  Our annual meeting submission process is open to members and non-members alike. However, if your paper is accepted to be presented at the meeting, you will be required to register at the non-member rate which will include a one-year membership as all registrants must have a current membership.
  Q: Do I have to be a member to submit an article to your journals?
  Our article submission process is open to anyone. The process, however, is a competitive one and each journal has very specific criteria guidelines that need to be followed. Please access the specific journal website to view those guidelines (Journals & Publications). If you have additional questions, please contact our Publications Department directly at publications@aom.org.
  Q: Do I have to be a member to subscribe to the journals?
  No. Although membership currently includes all journals and is more economical, you may purchase a separate subscription.
  For more see Subscriptions.
  Q: Do I have to be an Academy member in order to participate in division and interest group ListServ discussions?
  Divisions and interest groups manage their own listservs, so the rules vary. Some are open to members only; others are open to all. Review the listing of listservs to see what is appropriate for you.
  Q: Do I need to be a member to participate in your Placement service?
  No, you do not require an Academy membership to participate, however, all applicants must purchase an annual subscription to access the Placement Services website. The annual subscription fee enables you to have an active profile for an entire calendar year, as opposed to periodic fees for Annual Meeting Onsite Placement Services. Once you create an account, you have access to all the applicant features including custom alerts and the ability to manage and edit your career profile. To participate in Placement services at our Annual Meeting, either as employers or applicants, you must have a current membership and be registered to attend the meeting through the Academy's Annual Meeting website.
  Q: Do you have information available on graduate programs in management?
  The Academy does not recommend or evaluate graduate programs but considerable information exists on the Internet.
  Q: Do you have local chapters?
  We do not have chapters, however, our organizational structure divides membership into Division and Interest Group that are specific scholarly domains. Academy members collaborate and exchange expertise in 25 management disciplines. You receive (2) complimentary division/interest group selections of your choice with a membership.
  The Academy does have a number of Affiliate and Associate Societies that are independent associations with whom we share cooperative relationships. The Academy builds cooperative relationships and networks with these other societies because we share the common commitment to advancing the scholarship and practice of management. Membership within these regional societies is distinct and separate. You can find more information about these societies through our Affiliated and Associated Societies link. Many members of these societies are also members of the Academy.
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  For more see Subscriptions.
  Q: Journals - I'm not sure I want to join the Academy. Can I get free samples of the journals?
  Free sample issues may be found online at the AOM Publications Portal. The Academy's journals are also widely available in University libraries. To learn more about the Academy's journals see Journals and Publications.
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  Permission must be obtained prior to photocopying, disseminating, or republishing articles. Please refer to the section on How to Obtain Permission to Copy or Republish Articles for more information.
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  No, not directly. The Academy is a professional membership association; we do not offer research services. However, students may join the Academy and receive four journals and access to the online article retrieval service. We also have a dynamic professional networking platform called AOM Connect where you can post research type questions to other member colleagues and groups. The Academy's journals, in hard copy and electronic format, are also widely available in University libraries. You should work closely with your faculty advisor on questions pertaining to your research.
  Q: What are Divisions & Interest Groups
  Professional Interaction & Involvement:
  
  Divisions and interest groups reflect a broad range of member interests within 25 management disciplines. They provide disciplinary “home bases” for members with specific scholarly and professional interests.
  Each division offers a range of services tailored to their specific management discipline, including educational sessions, social events at the annual meeting, individual websites that include a vast array of resources such as professional development opportunities, recognition programs, and newsletter communication.
  
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Journals
- Academy of Management Discoveries
  Q: A) What is the mission of AMD?
  The mission of Academy of Management Discoveries (AMD) is to promote the creation and dissemination of new empirical evidence that strengthens our understanding of substantively important yet poorly understood phenomena concerning management and organizations. AMD welcomes phenonmenon-driven research that employs quantitative and/or qualitative methods at any level of analysis (e.g., individuals, groups, organizations, industries, societies). The journal publishes articles presenting strong and persuasive evidence and provides readers clear and timely implications for understanding and improving management and organizations. Studies appearing in AMD could be used as a basis for theory development or theory-based empirical articles developed for other AOM journals.
  
  Studies appropriate for publication in AMD provide:
  
  Timely evidence about phenomena that have or may have implications for public policy or managerial practice, (e.g., regarding the effects of economic conditions, corporate governance, contemporary management practices, changing employment conditions)
  Important and interesting replications/extensions of prior findings that significantly change our understanding of an issue or its boundary conditions
  Evidence that informs major scholarly debates in the field of management and organizations
  New evidence-based assessments of managerial and organizational interventions
  Evidence regarding new constructs and measures
  Empirical explications of emergent phenomena, processes, and taxonomies
  Q: B) How does AMD differ from the other AOM journals?
  AMD's mission is distinct from but complementary to the missions of other Academy of Management publications. AMD focuses on reporting novel findings or unusual empirical patterns in their particular indigenous contexts that are either not adequately explained by current theory or that may play a critical role in the development or testing of new theory. AMD welcomes papers that highlight emergent phenomena or shed new light on phenomena of current interest. AMD seeks discoveries that may subsequently influence the generation, application and testing of theory appearing in other AOM journals.
  
  Papers describing empirical research intended to test an existing theory and/or develop new theories should be submitted to the Academy of Management Journal or Academy of Management Review. Papers focusing on management learning or management education should be sent to Academy of Management Learning and Education. Papers written for non-specialist academic readers or existing and future thought leaders should be sent to Academy of Management Perspectives. Papers that critically review longstanding streams of research should be sent to Academy of Management Annals.
  Q: C) Why was there a perceived need on the part of the Board of Governors to launch AMD?
  The decision to launch AMD came about as a result of two largely independent sources that identified a scholarly need for this journal, as well as an unmet need within our membership. First, with respect to our membership, on November 9, 2010, the Board of Governors received a memo signed by 18 Chairs of AOM Divisions and Interest Groups, requesting that AOM increase both the size and scope of publication opportunities within AOM for members. This memo articulated the need for expanded publication opportunities, and expressed several possible solutions for meeting this need, including the launch of a new empirically based journal along the lines of AMD.
  This memo was consistent with the data from a 2005 membership survey, in which 88% of AOM members indicated that the most pressing need they had was for "expanded opportunities to publish research within AOM." This response also echoed a study conducted by the Board of Governors, which indicated that as a professional society the AOM publishes a significantly lower percentage of work by our members relative to other professional societies within business schools, such as Finance, Accounting, and Marketing.
  In terms of the scholarly need, Don Hambrick (2007, AMJ) articulated why this type of journal is necessary in the field of Management, and others have echoed this call (see Miller 2007; Oxley, et al. 2010). The general idea expressed by Hambrick and others is that the field of Management needs to strike a better balance between theories on the one hand and direct empirical evidence on the other. Hambrick recounts many examples in the physical and natural sciences, as well as other disciplines in business, where reporting of critical evidence led to important advances in problem solving and future theory building, even when the immediate implications for current theories was unclear. That is, a novel finding, unusual empirical pattern, or a robust anomaly that cannot be explained by any current theory is reported, which in turn triggers future theory building efforts. In addition, direct evidence regarding relationships may promote Evidence-Based Management even if the full theoretical articulation for explaining a relationship is not immediately available.
  Based upon the confluence of membership and scholarly needs, the Board of Governors asked the Journals Committee to explore the idea of expanding both the size and scope of publication opportunities for AOM members by creating a new empirical journal that would be focused on important management issues and organizational phenomena that was not necessarily theory driven. This eventually led to the development of AMD as a "phenomenon-driven" empirical journal.
  Q: D) Why not just expand the size and the scope of AMJ instead of launching a new journal?
  By any standard, AMJ is a clear success story for AOM. The journal's blending of tight and formal a priori theory building combined with rigorously obtained and analyzed data is a powerful vehicle for making scientific contributions. This has been a proven formula for the success of that journal, and there was no perceived need within the Board of Governors to "fix" something that was so obviously "not broken." Rather than threaten that established paradigm by mixing in new articles that would not adhere to the paradigm, it was considered more prudent to offer a new journal that was devoted to a different paradigm.
  Q: E) How can I determine whether AMD is the appropriate outlet for my manuscript?
  AMD seeks to publish discoveries that are likely to facilitate important advances in management knowledge and practice. The first step in creating knowledge is conceiving the germ of an idea that may change our understanding of an issue or phenomenon. This idea may originate from an observation or experience in the practical world, from an unresolved puzzle in a theoretical discipline, from an irregularity in an empirical analysis that violates our understanding of how things are expected to unfold, or from a personal experience or insight.
  
  Whatever the source of a discovery, AMD welcomes papers that clearly ground a discovery in its empirical characteristics and context, and diagnose the data in ways that may lead to important advances in understanding the discovery. As Pasteur stated, "Chance favors the prepared mind." AMD seeks to publish papers from authors with minds -prepared not only in terms of describing the particulars of a phenomenon in its indigenous context, but also by showing a deep appreciation of the most plausible alternative theories or models that do NOT adequately explain the discovery. By definition, a phenomenon is not a discovery if it is adequately addressed with existing theory or does not call existing theories or taxonomies into question.
  In particular, AMD is an appropriate outlet for manuscripts whose purpose can be identified with one of the following:
  The purpose of this paper is to:
  Empirically demonstrate the fact that...
  Answer the research question...
  Test the possibility that...
  Challenge the idea that...
  Examine the effectiveness of...
  Shed light on the debate regarding...
  Examine the unintended consequences of the widespread practice of...
  Introduce a new construct that...
  Generalize findings found in one context to new and interesting contexts
  Explain, examine or assess substantively important phenomenon
  Q: F) What kind of papers will AMD publish?
  We are frequently asked to provide examples of the kinds of papers AMD will publish. Because AMD has not yet published any papers, we reviewed other journals, and found the following exemplars of the variety of topics, methods, and data fitting AMD's mission.
  
  Kaplan, S. & Orlikowski, W.J. 2013, Temporal work in strategy making, Organization Science, 24, 4: 965-995.
  
  An example of a phenomenon driven study of strategy making at organization level using qualitative case study.
  
  Heilman, M.E., Wallen, A.S., Fuchs, D. & Tamkins, M.M., 2004. Penalties for success: Reactions to women who succeed at male gender-typed tasks, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 3: 416-427.
  An example of a phenomenon-driven study of gender issues at individual level using three experiments.
  
  Hinds, P.J. & Mortensen, M. 2005. Understanding conflict in geographically distributed teams: The moderating effects of shared identity, shared context, and spontaneous communication. Organization Science, 16, 3: 290-307.
  An example of phenomenon-driven research of team conflict at group level using field study of 43 teams.
  
  Makino, S., Isobe, R. & Chan, C.M. 2004. Does country matter? Strategic Management Journal, 25: 1027-1043.
  An example of a replication study at multinational firm level analyzing secondary data.
  
  Bono, J.E. & Judge, J.A. 2004. Personality and transformation and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Appplied Psychology, 89, 5: 901-910.
  An example of a meta-analysis of 26 studies on individual personality and leadership.
  
  Siggelkow, N. & Rivkin, J.W. 2005. Speed and search: Designing organizations for turbulence and complexity, Organization Science, 16, 2: 101-122.
  An example of an empirically-based simulation study of organization environment and design.
  
  Law, K.S., Wond, C-S, & Song, L.J. 2004. The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies, Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 3: 483-496.
  An example of a construct validity study of individual emotional intelligence using student and work samples.
  
  Vincent, Lynnne C, Emich, Kyle J. and Goncalo, Jack A. 2013. Stretching the Moral Gray Zone: Positive Affect, Moral Disengagement, and Dishonesty. Psychological Science, 24 (4): 595-599
  An example of a phenomenon-driven study of the links between affect, moral disengagement and dishonesty at the individual level using two laboratory experiments.
  
  Mueller, Jennifer S., Melwani, Shimul, and Goncalo, Jack A. 2012. The Bias Against Creativity: Why People Desire but Reject Creative Ideas. Psychological Science, 23 (1): 13-17.
  An example of a lab-based study exploring the tendency of individuals to reject creative ideas under conditions of heightened uncertainty.
  
  We will post additional examples of desired papers as they become available. Thank you for your interest in AMD!
  
  The AMD Editorial Team!
  Q: G) How might I frame an AMD paper?
  BecauseAMD seeks empirical studies of poorly-understood yet important phenomena, we expect they will be directed by specific research questions and conjectures rather than testing refined hypotheses. Introductory paragraphs should clearly ground the phenomenon and the research question. While this can be done many ways, we encourage this grounding to clearly describe a particular case or instance of the phenomenon, and the context or settings in which it exists. This grounding should also include a statement of the specific research question that guides the study of the phenomenon, why it is important, and how it is addressed in the paper.
  Q: H) Are AMD manuscripts a-theoretical?
  Absolutely not. Theory is critically important for any advancement of knowledge, but our appreciation of the roles of theory in scholarship needs to broaden. All data are theory-laden to some extent; one cannot consider evidence in a meaningful way without engaging in "sense-making." So AMD papers will very much rely on theory, but it is theory in service of describing and understanding the phenomena, more than it is theory in service of verification and testing as has been the case in AMJ and AMR.
  
  In other words, theory plays two main roles in AMD papers: (1) Theory as a guiding framework that may be affected by the discovery (i.e., a discovery may highlight new boundary conditions for some theory; a discovery may overturn accepted understandings of the mechanisms underlying a relationship; a discovery may completely overturn basic assumptions underlying a particular theory; a discovery may demonstrate some relationship that is simply inconsistent with a variety of relevant theories). (2) Theory as a means to better understand the possible mechanisms underlying the relationships or dynamics discovered empirically.
  Q: I) Can an author submit a paper to AMD if it was rejected at AMJ?
  Because the purpose of articles published in AMJ and AMD differ, at the time of initial submission, authors need to carefully think about which AOM outlet offers the best fit for their work. Papers that have been reviewed at other journals and rejected, including AMJ, may or may not be a good fit for AMD.
  The major criteria by which papers at AMD will be judged are (a) the importance of the discovery, (b) the technical strength of the research methods employed, (c) the weight of the quantitative or qualitative evidence presented in supporting the premise and eliminating alternative explanations for the discovery, and (d) the clarity and conciseness of exposition. Reviewers will be asked to determine if the discovery has a high likelihood of leading to advancements to management knowledge and practice.
  
  Q: J) Can I submit a meta-analysis to AMD and if so, how does a meta-analysis submitted to AMD differ from one that might be better suited for another AOM Journal?
  The major purpose for publishing a meta-analysis is to establish the best parameter estimate for an effect size, the range of an effect size, and the moderating factors that explain the range in an effect size. If the relationship captured by that effect size represents a major new discovery, then the meta-analysis should be submitted to AMD. If the relationship is important for other reasons, then it might be more appropriate for another AOM journal. An exploratory test of the generalizability of a theoretical relationship across multiple contexts or samples could make an important contribution to understanding the boundary conditions of theories existing in the literature, and thus may be appropriate for AMD.
  Q: K) Does AMD publish simulation studies?
  A simulation study is suitable for submission to AMD to the extent that its assumptions are grounded in empirical evidence regarding important phenomena or processes. Simulations that produce novel insights into the dynamics of systems are particularly relevant.
  Q: L) Can I submit a qualitative study to AMD, and if so, how does a qualitative study submitted to AMD differ from one that might be better suited for another AOM journal?
  AMD welcomes qualitative research. The major purpose for publishing a qualitative study in AMD is to richly describe a phenomenon in terms of its characteristics, temporal development, and context. More specifically, AMD seeks to publish studies based on rich qualitative data that explicate emergent phenomena, processes, and taxonomies in order to provide the foundation for important subsequent theory development.
  Q: M) Is AMD an appropriate outlet for studies that are trying to make contributions to Evidence-Based Management?
  Yes. Many have suggested that there is a current imbalance between the emphasis on theory versus evidence in the field of management, which has prompted calls for "Evidence-Based Management" (EBM) (Rousseau, 2006; Pfeffer and Sutton, 2006). The EBM movement extols the virtues of basing managerial practice on empirical findings. AMD articles could provide the evidence that managers need without the research having to reach the maturity of a formal theory before it can be published.
  
  Some empirical findings may defy logic or it may take a long time before a formal and comprehensive logic can be developed to explain them. AMD is the vehicle for sharing these systematic and interesting empirical findings that can serve as the basis for theorizing, while they can also inform and support practice. Findings reported in AMD, as is the case with evidence reported in AMJ, support the work of EBM. The main difference is that AMD focuses on the plausibility of the EBM discovery, while AMJ focuses on the robustness of the theory explaining the discovery.
  Q: N) Will AMD publish articles that are characterized by "null results?"
  There are many ways to arrive at null results that are methodologically driven and devoid of any inferential value for answering substantive research questions. This would include lack of statistical power, unreliable measures, measures that lack construct validity, confounding variables that mask relationships, and so on. Thus, the author of a paper that reports nothing but null results is under a heavy burden to clearly establish that this lack of results can only be attributed to a lack of a substantive relationship and not to any of these myriad other factors.
  Q: O) Will AMD be "counted" by tenure and promotion committees as an "A-level" or "top-tier" journal?
  The 19,000-plus members of AOM represent a diverse group of individuals who reside in a diverse set of contexts. We cannot speak to how each and every AOM member's institution defines the term "A-level" or "top-tier" publication. We believe, however, for the reasons listed in this document that (a) AMD will be a highly cited journal, (b) its citation status will be established quickly, and (c) over time it will be highly ranked on the lists of empirically-based journals in management. We expect AMD to become an A-level journal because it is published by AOM, which by reputation, publishes only top rated journals. The AMD team is committed to making AMD a top-tier journal.
  Q: P) Will AMD articles be highly cited?
  We expect AMD to be the preferred source of knowledge related to management discoveries. Moreover, the AOM brand and access to its 19,000-plus AOM members will help increase the number of "eyes on target" relative to what might be experienced by a new journal with no existing link to this large professional body. Based on the latest rankings (2012 Thomson Journal Citation Reports), AOM has the top management journals in the world. Thus, AOM is a highly credible publisher of highly cited works.
  
  Further, the electronic distribution of AMD provides the technical means for increasing "eyes on target" by direct distribution to AOM members. Most AOM members now receive emails that alert them to the content of upcoming editions of AMJ, AMR, AMP, AMLE and the Annals. Many members read or download papers from this source well before the actual physical journal arrives in the regular postal mail weeks later. This would also be true of AMD, in the sense that our members will be made aware of the contents of AMD via email communications. We suspect that our members will read and download works that are relevant to their areas of research or practice in the same manner as used for our other highly cited titles.
  Q: Q) How long will it take for AMD articles to be highly cited?
  It was once an accepted belief that it always takes a long time before a new journal can perform well in terms of the traditional citation metrics. However, our experience with the Annals has challenged that belief. The Annals became one of the most highly cited journals in the field of management in just a few years. Part of this is attributable to the nature of the content (an outlet for critical literature reviews). However, we believe that the AOM brand and the electronic means of distribution also played a major role in the quick success of this publication. These two factors might also reduce the time required for AMD to become a highly cited journal.
  Q: R) Why is AMD only going to be offered online?
  We believe that online publication, when combined with a distribution model that electronically sends the content of each edition of the journal to an email address, is a highly cost effective, fast, and efficient means for putting articles in the hands of members. We also believe that this is the manner in which many AOM members currently engage our major journals, such as AMJ and AMR. Members and nonmember subscribers read or download the content of the journals electronically well before the actual printed volume arrives via the postal service.
  
  Also, electronic publication provides opportunities to expand the journal in novel and unique ways that would be impossible to do in a traditional print journal. This might include video footage of a research site, interviews with authors or research participants, or comments from readers (all outside of the primary article).
  Q: S) Are there enough quality manuscripts that fit the AMD profile to sustain this new journal?
  With respect to analyzing the supply of quality manuscripts, the Board of Governors, through the Journals Committee, examined 10 specific journals for a three-year period that are not within the AOM portfolio, but publish empirical studies (this set included SMJ, OS, JOM, JAP, P-Psych, JIBS, JOB, OBHDP, JMS, and LQ). They chose the three-year time period 2004-2006 in order to have a minimum of five years' of citation history for published articles (the research was conducted in 2012). They then examined every article in those years that was cited (using ISI counts) with a higher frequency than the average for AMJ articles published in the same time period. The 10 specific journals were selected because they are generally among the top 10 outlets in terms of their five-year citation impact factors.
  Having identified the highly cited papers in competing journals, they examined each to see if the article was deemed to be a poor fit for AMJ but a potentially good fit for AMD. Although this was somewhat of a subjective judgment, most of the articles they identified rarely or never used the word "theory" based upon an electronic search of the manuscript, and none of these articles stated theory building or testing theory as their primary purpose.
  There were roughly 350 articles published in these competing journals that achieved higher citation counts than the AMJ average for that period. Roughly 95 (25%) of those articles were not building new theory and were not theory-driven. Instead of trying to build new theory or make theoretical extensions, the work reflected in those 95 papers made empirical contributions to the literature by (a) answering phenomenon-driven research questions (e.g., studies that focused on performance in multinational alliances but not theories of multinational alliances, or studies that focused on preventing work-related accidents but not theories of accidents, and so on); (b) delivering replications and extensions of critical past findings (e.g., international replications); (c) providing more refined parameter estimation (e.g., via meta-analyses); (d) informing debates within the existing literature with new data; or (e) conducting construct validation and refinement.
  On average, the 95 papers were cited roughly 90 times compared to the average of 45 for AMJ articles published during the same time period, and many of the articles had been rejected at AMJ. Although slightly skewed, the distribution of the citation data was largely symmetrical. This suggests that if the 95 papers that were above the AMJ mean were combined with the next 95 papers below the mean, there would be a sample of roughly 190 papers from which one could build a journal that had a mean number of citations that was similar to that found at AMJ (over the studied three-year period).
  There seems to be no shortage of articles that fit with the AMD profile, and many of these types of articles wind up having a great deal of impact as assessed via citation counts. AMD will allow AOM to capture some of the work that is now being published by competing journals. Many of these competing journals are published by commercial vendors with no formal ties to any professional society such as AOM, but that draw on our members as authors and reviewers.
  Q: T) How did the process of developing AMD unfold?
  Early in the development process of AMD, the Board of Governors sought the input of 25 people who were considered to be thought leaders within AOM. This group consisted of individuals who were (a) current or former editors of AMJ and AMR, (b) former editors of competing journals, (c) past AOM Presidents, (d) past Deans of the AOM Fellows Group, (e) winners of the AOM Distinguished Scientific Contributions Awards, and (f) current and former division chairs. The comments from the vast majority of this group were positive with respect to the need for AMD, and this group provided a number of comments that were helpful in developing the new journal.
  Although not everyone was supportive of AMD, even those who were opposed recognized the need for more publication opportunities for members and an expanded scope of those opportunities. Some argued that these problems would be better addressed by changing the size, nature and scope of AMJ. For the reasons previously stated, the decision was made to leave AMJ unaltered. Instead, the plan was adopted to go forward with a new journal, AMD.
  The new and revised AMD concept was then taken to the Chairs of the Division and Interest Groups of AOM. The Journals Committee reached out to this group and sent them a slightly updated version of the December 2011 AMD proposal, including a revised mission statement, the analysis of the competitive market, and a mock-up of the journal. The leaders of Divisions and Interest Groups were asked to study the proposal and weigh in on whether or not they believed AMD would provide a value-added professional contribution to the members of their divisions and the Academy of Management's portfolio of journal offerings.
  They were then asked to respond to eight specific questions to gauge the degree to which they thought AMD would support the needs of their members and AOM at large, including:
  Do you think your members are conducting research that would be suitable for publication in AMD?
  Do you think your members would submit their work to AMD?
  Do you think that your department would value articles published in AMD?
  Does AMD address an "unmet need" for many of your members because there may be limited alternative publication outlets for this type of research?
  Do you think that AMD articles would advance the body of knowledge for management?
  Do you think that AMD articles would make a contribution to what we know about management and stimulate future research?
  Do you think members of your division would provide professional service to AMD, such as serving as reviewers, editorial board members, editors and associate editors?
  Can you think of potential questions your members might have regarding AMD that are not answered by the materials we are providing here (a FAQ list)?
  We received input from 19 Division and Interest Group Leaders. The comments from the vast majority of this group were generally positive with respect to the need for AMD, and this group provided a number of additional insights that were helpful in further developing this new journal.
- Permissions and Copyright Guidelines
  Q: Academy of Management Permissions and Copyright Guidelines INTRODUCTION
  The Academy of Management (AOM) is a leading professional association for scholars dedicated to creating and disseminating knowledge about management and organizations. Members are scholars at colleges, universities, and research institutions, as well as practitioners with scholarly interests from business, government, and not-for-profit organizations.
  
  The Academy of Management holds the copyright to its sixjournals and the annual meeting proceedings, each of which broadly contributes to this objective while emphasizing a particular scholarly aspect of it. The Academy of Management grants permission to use its copyrighted articles for a variety of purposes. In general we recommend following the guideline, "When in doubt, obtain permission."
  
  The principles and guidelines of this permission document were derived from the Academy of Management's current permissions strategy and are consistent with the policies and procedures of other professional associations whose scientific principles are similar to ours. The mission of the Academy of Management is to disseminate the knowledge produced by its scholars. The Academy's goal is consistent with that of the APA, and "believes it is essential for publishers of scholarly and other proprietary material to develop an efficient and consistent system, based on mutual trust, for granting permissions for both electronic and print publication of proprietary works"
  
  These guidelines (FAQ) contain answers to questions that to date have been frequently asked and will continue to evolve as we address new questions in the field of publishing.
  Q: Academy of Management Permissions and Copyright SUMMARY
  The Academy of Management (AOM) now offers the RightsLink service to conveniently meet most of your licensing needs for material published by the AOM. Simply visit http://journals.aom.org, search and select the desired journal content, and click the Permissions Tab.
  You can also visit the Copyright Clearance Center:
  Copyright Clearance Center
  222 Rosewood Drive
  Danvers, MA 01923
  Phone: (978) 750-8400
  Fax: (978) 750-4470
  http://www.copyright.com
  
  Additional requests can be sent directly to info@copyright.com or to
  permissions@aom.org
  
  Permission is required for the following:
  
  • Republication of one article element (table, figure, graph, scale, or instrument)
  
  • Republication or reuse of any AOM content in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
  
  • Republication of full articles or book chapters to another work
  
  • Article translations
  
  • Reproduction of articles for coursepacks, electronic coursepacks, distance-learning courses, electronic reserves
  
  • Consecutive text extracts of more than 400 words in an article or book chapter
  
  • Multiple text extracts that total more than 800 words per article or book chapter
  
  • Reuse of content from the AOM website
  
  • Content essential to the integrity of the previously published article or book chapter when reuse could compromise the sale of the original AOM publication, including but not limited to text, figures and tables.
  
  Permission is NOT required for the following:
  
  • One time classroom usage [refer to FAQ question] for full-time matriculated students enrolled at an academic institution in a credit bearing program, including usage of AOM content in a dissertation as long as the dissertation is not sold for commercial distribution and/or monetary gain. Appropriate citation must be clearly given to the original work.
  
  • "Fair Use", [refer to FAQ question] broadly defined as use of small amounts of text (i.e. consecutive text of less than 400 words, or 800 words from a single article) for the purposes of criticism or comment of the article in question, provided that the new work (article or chapter) does not become a substitute for, or make the purchase unnecessary of the original copyrighted work. Citation to the original source must be provided.
  
  • Republication of article abstracts. Appropriate citation to the original content must be clearly provided.
  
  • Authors of the original content in AOM publications do not need permission to: (1) Make and distribute copies, of all or part of the manuscript, for the Author(s), own use in teaching, research or for internal distribution within the institution/company that employs the Author(s), provided that such copies are not resold. (2) • The right to use, after publication in the journal, all or part of the material from the manuscript in a book or collection of works in which you are the Author(s) or Editor(s). (3) The right, after publication of the journal, to post your manuscript to your individual website or personal university website.
  
  • Reproduction of AOM materials for use by blind or other people with disabilities. It is not an infringement of copyright for an authorized entity to reproduce or to distribute copies of a previously published work if such copies are reproduced or distributed in specialized formats exclusively for use by blind or other persons with disabilities.
  
  The Academy of Management does not grant permission for the following:
  
  • Posting of full text AOM articles or book chapters to a commercial database.
  
  • Posting of full text AOM articles or book chapters to university or commercial electronic archives.
  
  • Republication or posting of AOM articles or book chapters to university compilations of material that showcase works created by university authors.
  
  • Unlimited distribution of Academy articles and book chapters via email or facsimile.
  
  • Posting of AOM articles or book chapters to a listserv.
  
  • Translation of more than three articles from a single issue of an AOM publication.
  
  • For any of the following language in a permission request:
  --- "all media"
  --- "now known or hereafter devised"
  --- "without limitation"
  
  The Academy of Management may grant permission on a case-by-case basis for the following.
  In all cases below, explicit written permission must be obtained from the designated Academy of Management publisher representative. Please contact permissions@aom.org for details.
  
  • Posting of AOM articles or book chapters to the internet or intranet via a password protected website.
  
  • Limited distribution of Academy articles or book chapters via email.
  
  • Translation of AOM articles or book chapters on a continuous basis.
  Q: Academy of Management Permissions and Copyright SUMMARY OF AOM SUBMISSIONS GUIDELINES:
  
  • Authors are encouraged to adhere to the format specified in the AOM style guide for each publication, accessible via the individual journal's websites.
  
  • All submissions to AOM should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11") with 1" margins on all sides.
  
  • Use 10-12 pt. Times New Roman font or a similar font.
  
  • Follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, E.g., (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. Please refer to the style guide for details.
  
  • If you are reproducing a graphic, chart, or table from some other source, you must provide a special note at the bottom of the item that includes copyright information. You should also submit proof of written permission along with your work. For example, From "Title of the article," by W. Jones and R. Smith, 2007, Journal Title, 21, p. 122. Copyright 2007 by Copyright Holder. Reprinted with permission.
  
  • Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
  Q: Academy of Management permissions: How can I obtain permission to republish material that was printed in an Academy of Management publication.
  The Academy of Management (AOM) now offers the RightsLink service to conveniently meet most of your licensing needs for material published by the AOM. Simply visit http://journals.aom.org, search and select the desired journal content, and click the Permissions Tab.
  
  You can also obtain pemission online from the Copyright Clearance Center:
  
  Copyright Clearance Center
  222 Rosewood Drive
  Danvers, MA 01923
  Phone: (978) 750-8400
  Fax: (978) 750-4470
  http://www.copyright.com
  
  Additional requests can be sent directly to info@copyright.com or to publications@aom.pace.edu
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (a) Why and when is it necessary to seek permission?
  • Simply acknowledging the source of content is not a substitute for copyright permission.
  
  • All materials published by the Academy of Management are protected by copyright law, as stated in the United States Copyright Act. It is an infringement of copyright law to reproduce/reuse/republish a copyrighted work without the prior consent of the copyright holder. Additional details about copyright law can be obtained via Copyright.gov
  
  • Authors are responsible for obtaining express written permission from the Academy of Management prior to reproducing, reusing, or republishing any AOM copyrighted material.
  
  • Authors are also responsible for ensuring that the material they publish is original and that they have obtained all necessary permissions prior to having their material republished by the Academy of Management. If using excerpts from copyrighted works, the author must obtain irrevocable written permission for publication in both print and electronic formats from the original copyright owners, and appropriately credit their sources.
  
  • In general, when using the work of others authors must first determine if copyright permission is required. If the work is protected by copyright law, is not in the public domain and does not meet the criteria for fair use or another specific exception listed in this document or in the United States copyright law, then permission to reproduce the work must be obtained from the original owner of the copyright. If the work is owned by the Academy of Management, author(s) must obtain permission from the Academy of Management or its agent, the Copyright Clearance Center to reproduce or reuse the work.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (b) How do I reference a source or cite previously published material in my article?
  • Authors are encouraged to adhere to the format specified in the AOM style guide for each publication, accessible via the individual Academy journal's website.
  
  • References to articles, books, and other source works should be cited within the text of your article. The reference section at the end of your manuscript should list every reference cited in the manuscript.
  
  • Do not list a reference that is not cited in the text.
  
  • Follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, E.g., (Jones, 1998), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper. Please refer to the publication's style guide for details.
  
  • If you are reproducing a graphic, chart, or table from some other source, you must provide a special note at the bottom of the item that includes copyright information. You should also submit proof of written permission along with your work. For example, From "Title of the article," by W. Jones and R. Smith, 2007, Journal Title, 21, p. 122. Copyright 2007 by Copyright Holder. Reprinted with permission.
  
  • Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (c) How do I attribute credit for material republished from journal articles?
  • The Academy of Management requires that full credit be given to the author(s) of the material(s) reused.
  
  • Authors using articles from previously published AOM journals need to obtain permission from the Copyright Clearance Center, including articles that will be published in a forthcoming Academy journal.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (d) How do I attribute credit for images, figures or tables from another source?
  • The Academy of Management requires that full credit be given to the author(s) of all material(s) reused. You will need to secure permission to use any material copyrighted to another source directly from the source cited.
  
  • Before requesting permission for a table, figure or other illustration, please check with the specific journal to be sure the image you wish to reproduce is not credited to another source. The citation may be listed under the figure or in a credit section of the publication. The Academy of Management can only authorize permissions for material for which it holds or manages copyright. You will need to secure permission to use any material copyrighted to another source directly from the source cited.
  
  • Instruments, diagrams and tables reproduced from already published work require permission from the original publisher (or copyright holder). It should be stated in the relevant legend that permission for reproduction has been granted, giving the reference and name of the copyright holder who has given the permission.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (e) I had an article accepted to the Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. Is this article considered pre-published material?
  
  • As a matter of business practice, the Academy of Management does not consider papers published in the AOM Proceedings to be pre-published. We trust that the full length manuscript will vary a great deal from the condensed Proceedings version and we will, therefore, agree to review manuscripts of this kind.
  
  • The Academy of Management does not consider papers published in the Proceedings of other associations to be pre-published provided that: (a) what has appeared in print is a shortened version of the paper and not a full-length manuscript and (b) the author is able to convey rights to the paper to the Academy of Management and is not precluded from doing so by a previous agreement.
  
  • If an author has a paper in the review process of an AOM journal that will also appear in the Best Paper Proceedings, the author should add a note in the acknowledgments stating that a previous (and abbreviated) version of this paper appeared in the (year) Best Paper Proceedings.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (f) Do I need permission if the material I am using has been modified or adapted?
  • Permission is required if the usage you are seeking does not fall into the parameters defined under fair use.
  
  • If you need to modify the item for your research, do not represent it as the original item, scale or instrument. When an item is modified, the meaning and validity of the item changes. Be clear that the item is based on the original instrument but the results cannot represent results as if the original instrument were administered. In other words, never change items and/or scales and refer to it as the same item/scale.
  
  • Minor adaptations to text/figures/tables are authorized on the condition that such adaptations are true to the meaning and purpose of the original text/figures/tables, and subject further to the applicable terms and conditions of the republication licensing agreement of the original owner of the copyright.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (g) Do I need permission if I am only using an excerpt or limited portion of the original article?
  
  As a general rule, if you discuss, criticize or analyze the excerpt, a good rule of thumb is to obtain permission if the discussion is longer than 400 words per excerpt or 800 cumulative words per article.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (h) How would I know who owns the copyright on materials that were adapted from another source?
  • For most print and online publications, the publisher is usually a copyright holder capable of providing permission. If you cannot identify the copyright holder, you may need to request a search from the United States copyright office.
  
  • It is important to note that a lack of response from the copyright holder does not, under United States law, convey permission.
  
  • In addition, some works may contain materials-text, images and graphics-from multiple copyright holders and may require a separate authorization from each one.
  
  • Simply acknowledging the source of content is not a substitute for copyright permission.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (j) What is a Derivative Work?
  • A derivative work is one that is based upon or rewritten from a prior work. A derivative work is primarily a new work that is based upon the previously published material. Derivative works can include translations (of the rewritten work) and/or condensations.
  
  • The Academy of Management requires formal permission for new works created by adapting, transforming or combining previously existing material in new ways.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (k) Can I post my manuscript on the internet?
  In general, the Academy of Management does not grant permission to republish AOM articles on the Internet. However:
  
  • After publication of the journal, authors may post their manuscript to their individual website or personal university website.
  
  • Authors may use the publisher-supplied PDF version in teaching and for coursepacks within their own institution as long as they are distributed free of charge and not sold to students, in which case we require that permission be obtained.
  
  • Authors may also use the publisher-supplied PDF for posting in e-reserves within the author's institution.
  
  • Author(s) agree that any and all copies of the manuscript, or any part published will include a notice of copyright in the Academy of Management's name, and an appropriate citation to the journal.
  
  • The Academy of Management does not allow authors to post their final materials to a central open access database. Authors of material funded by the United States Government, including but not limited to the NIH, should refer to question (m) below. All AOM materials are accessible through commercially available databases and archive repositories. All AOM members have access to all materials published by the Academy of Management via the Publications Portal.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (m) I am an employee of the United States federal government. Are there any copyright restrictions that apply to my material?
  
  • A work of the United States Government is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person's official duties.
  
  • In most cases the United States federal government has determined that it has a nonexclusive right to publish or republish material developed from work performed by federal employees.
  
  • The Academy of Management will accept papers from government employees. Such authors must sign a modified copyright transfer agreement stating that the author(s) abide by the same provisions required of other AOM authors. The modified copyright transfer agreement would state, "This is to certify that the Work was written by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of his/her official duties, and therefore it is not subject to United States copyright." This statement must be also co-signed by an authorized Government agency representative.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (p) Can I provide a link from my individual or university website to an article I am citing in my piece?
  In general, it is perfectly acceptable to link to a website to access site content without the permission of the website owner. The link MUST take the user completely out of the AOM (or individual) website to the content owner's website (i.e., AOM should not "frame" the website in its own pop up window to make it seem as if AOM is the author), this is a completely legal use of a link. The rationale behind this view is that if one is taken to the actual content owner's website, there is absolutely no mistake as to the identity of the content owner (it is not as if AOM would be trying to pass itself off as the author or publisher).
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (q) My article has been accepted for publication. Can my university issue a press release promoting my forthcoming AOM material?
  • We encourage publicity at the post-acceptance stage. Universities can promote their faculty's research. Please notify the Academy office of these efforts.
  
  • The Academy does not allow for the posting of the full text accepted article to non-AOM sites prior to publication. Please do not link to the article prior to its publication date.
  
  • The press release should clearly say "forthcoming in Academy of Management (name of publication)".
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (r) Does a podcast count as a publication or pre-publication?
  • In other words, if my AOM presentation is made into a podcast that's available on the AOM website (free for members; non-members must pay a nominal fee), can that same research be submitted to an Academy journal for publication consideration?
  
  • Similar to a Proceedings/Best Paper submission, the AOM considers the podcast as drastically different in both content and length from the full text article. Therefore, unless you (the author) are reading the full text piece verbatim, AOM would not consider a podcast as pre-publication of the article.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (n) I am not an employee of the government but I am the author of a manuscript that was funded and/or underwritten by the United States federal government. Can I still publish my article in an Academy of Management publication?
  
  • Whether or not an author has the authority to assign an article to the Academy of Management depends upon his or her agreement with the federal government, and, in particular, the grant agreement. If the grant agreement is silent as to ownership or assignment of copyright, then the author probably has the full authority to transfer ownership to AOM.
  
  • If you, the author, did not sign a copyright transfer agreement with the agency that funded your research then technically you, the author, hold the copyright to the article.
  
  • If the grant agreement provides that either: (1) the United States government permission is needed to publish or assign; or (2) the work is to be assigned to the United States government, then the author cannot assign copyright to the AOM. Technically, the United States government CAN own a copyright IF it (the copyright) is assigned to them. To best answer this question, the AOM may need to review the individual grant agreement.
  
  • If the author wants the article published, he/she should clarify ownership and publication rights with the United States government and/or the funding agency.
  
  • If the author does not own the article, he/she does not have the authority to grant others (publishers such as the AOM) the right to publish his or her material (absent an agreement with the copyright owner). The AOM may still be able to publish this material but the author will need to sign the modified copyright agreement. This agreement can be obtained from the AOM Managing Editor.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (o) My Academy article contains references to a piece that appears on a United States Government website. Can I provide a link from my individual university website to the United States Government article?
  
  • Yes. All articles funded by the United States Government are available free of charge and considered in the public domain. Permission is not required for this type of usage.
  
  • We advise all authors to first check with the appropriate party at the United States federal government before linking to a government sponsored website.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (a) How do I obtain permission to republish Academy of Management materials?
  The Academy of Management (AOM) now offers the RightsLink service to conveniently meet most of your licensing needs for material published by the AOM. Simply visit http://journals.aom.org, search and select the desired journal content, and click the Permissions Tab.
  
  Permission can also be obtained online from the Copyright Clearance Center:
  
  Copyright Clearance Center
  222 Rosewood Drive
  Danvers, MA 01923
  Phone: (978) 750-8400
  Fax: (978) 750-4470
  http://www.copyright.com
  
  Additional requests can be sent directly to info@copyright.com or to publications@aom.pace.edu
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (b) How do I obtain permission to republish materials that are featured in the Academy of Management Annals?
  Permission can be obtained online from Reprints and Permissions
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (c) Why and when is it necessary to seek permission?
  • Simply acknowledging the source of content is not a substitute for copyright permission.
  
  • All materials published by the Academy of Management are protected by copyright law.
  --- i. Intellectual works are protected by the U.S. Copyright Act. It is an infringement of copyright law to reproduce/reuse/republish a copyrighted work without the prior consent of the copyright holder.
  --- ii. Additional details about copyright law can be accessed via www.copyright.gov
  
  • Authors are responsible for obtaining permission from the Academy of Management prior to reproducing, reusing, or republishing any AOM copyrighted material.
  
  • Authors are also responsible for ensuring that the material they are using is original and that they have obtained all necessary permissions prior to having their material republished by the Academy of Management. If excerpts from non-AOM copyrighted works are included, the Author must obtain written permission for publication in print and electronic format from the original copyright owners and credit the appropriate sources.
  
  • In general, when using the work of others you must first determine if copyright permission is required. If the work is protected by copyright law, is not in the public domain and does not meet the criteria for fair use [refer to FAQ on FAIR USE] or another specific exception listed in this document or in the copyright law, you must obtain permission from the Academy of Management or its agent, the Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.com), in order to reproduce or reuse the work.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (d) Are there any copyright exceptions which may apply?
  Permission is NOT required for the following:
  
  • One time classroom usage, including usage of AOM content in a dissertation as long as the dissertation is not sold for commercial distribution and/or for monetary gain. Appropriate citation to the original content must be clearly provided.
  
  • "Fair Use" broadly defined as the small amounts of text (i.e. consecutive text of less than 400 words, or 800 words from a single article) for the purposes of criticism or comment of the article in question, provided that the new work (article or chapter) does not become a substitute for, or make the purchase unnecessary of the original copyrighted work.
  
  • Republication of materials published in the Academy of Management Proceedings. Appropriate citation to the original content must be clearly provided.
  
  • Republication of article abstracts. Appropriate citation to the original content must be clearly provided.
  
  • Authors of the original content in AOM publications do not need permission to:
  --- i. The right to make and distribute copies, of all or part of the manuscript, for the Author(s), own use in teaching, research or for internal distribution within the institution/company that employs the Author(s), provided that such copies are not resold.
  --- ii. The right to use, after publication in the journal, all or part of the material from the manuscript in a book or collection of works in which you are the Author(s) or Editor(s).
  --- iii. The right, after publication of the journal, to post your manuscript to your individual website or personal university website.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (e) What is considered one-time classroom use?
  • One time classroom use does not refer to or include academic coursepacks. To use copyrighted material in academic coursepacks, permission must be obtained from the Copyright Clearance Center via www.copyright.com.
  
  • For Libraries: The library must have no reason to believe that the reproduction will be used for purposes other than private study, scholarship and research.
  
  • Classroom Handouts
  In general, classroom handouts fall into two categories - spontaneous and planned:
  --- i. Spontaneous. These handouts are produced spur-of-the-moment for one-time use. For example, an instructor who photocopies an article from the morning paper for use in that day's class discussion. This type of handout is likely to be covered under fair use and would not require copyright permission for two reasons: 1) the unplanned nature of the use and 2) the work is so new that the instructor could not reasonably be expected to obtain permission in a timely manner.
  --- ii. Planned. This category includes handouts that are either used repeatedly or involve works that have existed long enough for one to obtain copyright permission in advance. For example, if the instructor in the above example were to copy and reuse the same article in future semesters-or if he or she were to copy an article from a back issue-fair use would probably not apply.
  
  • Copying the Original Work
  --- i. Single Copying for Teachers:
  A single copy of the following items may be made for a teacher's scholarly research or use in teaching or preparation to teach a class:
  ----- • A chapter from a book
  ----- • An article from a periodical
  ----- • A chart, graph, diagram, table, figure, drawing, cartoon or picture from a book or periodical.
  --- ii. Multiple Copies for Classroom Use:
  Multiple copies (not to exceed more than one copy per pupil in a course) may be made by or for a teacher giving a course for classroom use or discussion, provided that:
  ----- • The copying is brief (one article from a journal) and spontaneous;
  ----- • The copying of the material is for only one course in the school in which the copies are made.
  ----- • Each copy includes a notice of copyright.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (f) What is fair use?
  • To avoid a potential challenge from the copyright holder, we recommend following the policy, "When in doubt, obtain permission."
  
  • By definition, fair use is a concept in copyright law allowing, without permission from copyright holder, short quotations from a copyrighted product for purposes of reviewing or teaching. However, not all uses in an academic context are automatically considered fair use.
  
  • Although there are no set page counts or percentages that define the boundaries of fair use, a general rule of thumb used by some publishers is that consecutive text of less than 400 words, or 800 words from a single article would generally be considered fair use, provided that the purpose of such use is for criticism or comment of the article in question, and provided that the new work (article or chapter) does not become a substitute for, or make the purchase unnecessary of, the original copyrighted work.
  
  • For students, a single photocopy of part of a copyrighted work, such as a copy of an article from a scientific journal made for research, would likely be considered fair use. Yet there are limits, even for students. For example, photocopying all the assignments from a book recommended for purchase by the instructor, making multiple copies of articles or book chapters for distribution to classmates, or copying material from workbooks, would most likely not be considered fair use under a reasonable application of the fair use factors.
  
  • Fair use in academia might include
  --- i. Making one copy of a journal article
  --- ii. Copying selected pages within a book
  --- iii. Downloading and printing one copy of an electronic article
  
  • Not fair use (requires permission from copyright holder):
  --- i. Copying large portions of books
  --- ii. Making multiple photocopies
  --- iii. Making numerous copies of electronic files.
  
  • Section 107 of the Copyright Act, entitled, "Limitations on Exclusive Rights: Fair Use," is the statutory codification of the fair use doctrine. For details review the Copyright Act or consult an attorney.
  
  • Examples of Fair Use include:
  --- • Quotation of excerpts in a review or criticism for purposes of illustration or comment.
  --- • Quotation of short passages in a scholarly or technical work for illustration or clarification of the author's observations.
  --- • Limited reproduction of material for classroom use (one copy per student) where the reproduction was unexpected and spontaneous-for example, where an article in the morning's paper is directly relevant to that day's class topic.
  --- • Use in a parody of short portions of the work itself.
  --- • A summary of an address or article, which may include quotations of short passages of the copyrighted work.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (g) What is considered public domain? Are items that are posted to free Internet sites considered public domain?
  
  • The public domain comprises work that is either no longer protected by copyright or never was. The likelihood that materials of greatest interest are in the public domain is low.
  
  • Generic information, such as facts, numbers and ideas fall into the public domain.
  
  • A work is in public domain if (1) all authors are employed by United States government and prepared work as part of employment, or (2) work is published before 1978 without a copyright notice, or (3) copyright term of work has expired.
  
  • Authors should assume that they need to obtain permission if material does not specifically carry a notice saying materials may be reused free of charge and/or no copyright permission is required.
  
  • The legal concept of the public domain as it applies to copyright law should not be confused with the fact that a work may be publicly available, such as information found in books or periodicals, or on the Internet.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (h) Do I need permission if the material is featured free of charge on the internet?
  
  • Online Doesn't Mean "Free" - Widespread use of the Internet has created misconceptions concerning the lawful use of copyrighted information in electronic form.
  
  • Simply because content is placed online does not mean it is free from copyright protection. Unless fair use or another exception applies, make sure you have permission before using or posting content.
  
  • To avoid a potential challenge from the copyright holder, we recommend following the policy, "When in doubt, obtain permission."
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (i) Do I need permission if the material I am using has been modified or adapted?
  
  Permission is required if the usage you are seeking does not fall into the parameters defined under fair use [refer to FAQ on FAIR USE].
  
  • If you need to modify the item for your research, do not represent it as the original item, scale or instrument. When an item is modified, the meaning and validity of the item may change. Be clear that the item is based on the original instrument but the results cannot represent results as if the original instrument were administered. In other words, never change items and/or scales and refer to it as the same item/scale.
  
  • Minor adaptations to text/figures/tables are authorized on the condition that such adaptations are true to the meaning and purpose of the original text/figures/tables, and subject further to the applicable terms and conditions of the republication licensing agreement.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (j) Do I need permission if I am only using an excerpt or limited portion of the original article?
  
  As a general rule, if you discuss, criticize or analyze the excerpt, a good rule of thumb is to obtain permission if the discussion is longer than 400 words per excerpt or 800 cumulative words per article.
  Q: CONTENT REUSAGE (k) Why does the Academy charge a fee for re-use of the content?
  
  • Fees of this nature are part of the operating costs associated with producing a journal or book and need to be taken into account by the publisher. Fees are standard practice for republishing the works of others and we feel that our fees are already reasonable and competitive with the fees charged by similar associations.
  
  • The Academy is a non-profit organization that produces the journals at considerable cost to our members. Unlike other publishers, our members underwrite the cost of the journals with their dues and we must consider this when establishing our practices.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (l) If my dissertation has been published by a commercial or university publisher can I still submit it to the Academy of Management as a new, original work?
  • In general, we recommend against this type of article submission.
  
  • The AOM would not accept a paper that is an exact reproduction of a dissertation that has been published as an article or portion of a book. Typically articles published by the Academy of Management are written in a manner that differs substantially from most dissertations.
  Q: INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICATION Outside the United States (b) How do I obtain permission to reprint Academy materials if I am not from the United States?
  • The Copyright Clearance Center can clear rights from anywhere in the world for reuse of AOM content. Authors may send an email detailing their requests to info@copyright.com.
  
  • There are local organizations similar to CCC in many countries that clear local rights, however, we recommend contacting the CCC first as they are the Academy's representative in these matters.
  Q: INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICATION Outside the United States (a) What is the Academy's policy on translations and re-licensing content?
  • The Academy of Management currently allows publishers of completely non-English language journals to reproduce Academy articles in their language on a one time basis. Permission must be obtained from the Copyright Clearance Center for this usage.
  
  • The new translated work (journal or book) may not contain more than 50% of Academy material.
  
  • Translated articles may not appear in the Licensee's journal or book prior to publication in AOM.
  
  • Articles can be translated from all four Academy journals.
  
  • Translation of more than more than three articles from a single issue of an AOM publication requires an explicit written permission contract signed by the designated Academy of Management publisher representative
  Q: OTHER RESOURCES (a) Are there other resources I can use to learn more about the permissions process?
  
  Links to additional sites are listed below:
  
  • The Copyright Clearance Center
  
  • Rights and Permissions
  
  • The Campus Guide to Copyright Compliance
  
  • APA Style Guide
  
  • The United States Copyright Office
  Q: OTHER RESOURCES (b) Glossary of common terms used in the permissions process
  GLOSSARY: Definitions listed below are defined for the purposes of the Academy of Management Permissions FAQ and may vary from the definitions available from commercial dictionaries.
  
  • Adaptation modifies the original content.
  
  • Copyright. A copyright protects the form of expression rather than the subject matter of the writing. The 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of the copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the copyrighted work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies of the copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly, or to display the copyrighted work publicly.
  
  • Derivative Work. Primarily a new work that is based upon previously published material.
  
  • Discussion. A formal discourse on a topic; pertaining to the text referred to in your article or book chapter.
  
  • Excerpt. A limited portion of text that is not changed and is exactly reproduced. For details refer to question(s) in the FAQ section of this document.
  
  • Fair Use. Although there are no set page counts or percentages that define the boundaries of fair use, a general rule of thumb used by some publishers is that consecutive text of less than 400 words, or 800 words from a single article could be considered fair use, provided that the purpose of such use is for criticism or comment of the article in question, and provided that the new work (article or chapter) does not become a substitute for, or make the purchase unnecessary of, the original copyrighted work. For details refer to the Fair Use FAQ question in this document.
  
  • Intellectual Property. The term intellectual property refers broadly to the creations of the human mind. Intellectual property rights protect the interests of creators by giving them property rights over their creations. Intellectual property is usually divided into two branches, namely industrial property and copyright.
  
  • International Copyright. There is no such thing as an "international copyright" that automatically protects a work throughout the world although more than 150 countries have ratified a treaty intended to accomplish as many of the benefits of "international copyright" as possible. Generally, if a work is protected in the U.S. it is protected in most countries because the U.S. adheres to the leading copyright convention, the Berne Convention, which is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO).
  
  • Intranet. A private computer network that uses Internet technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information. An intranet can be understood as a private version of the Internet, or as a private extension of the Internet confined to an organization. An intranet site usually requires a log in name and password.
  
  • Paraphrase. A restatement of a text or passage, using other words. A paraphrase typically explains or clarifies the text that is being paraphrased. For example, "The signal was red" might be paraphrased as "The train was not allowed to proceed." One feature of a paraphrase is that it preserves the essential meaning of the material being paraphrased. Permission is not needed from the Academy of Management to paraphrase text that is less than 400 words per paraphrase or 800 words or paraphrasing per article.
  
  • Publication. According to the statute, "Publication is the distribution of copies of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to distribute copies to a group of persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display constitutes publication. A public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication." Generally, publication occurs on the date on which copies of the work are first made available to the public.
  
  • Republication. Refers to redistribution of the exact copy of the original content.
  
  • Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text, likewise called a "translation," that communicates the same message in another language.
  Q: AOM AUTHORS (i) If I am the author, do I need to obtain permission to reuse or republish my individual materials that were published by the Academy of Management?
  
  The following rights are retained by all AOM Author(s):
  
  • The right to make and distribute copies, of all or part of the manuscript, for the Author(s), own use in teaching, research or for internal distribution within the institution/company that employs the Author(s), provided that such copies are not resold.
  
  • The right to use, after publication in the journal, all or part of the material from the manuscript in a book or collection of works in which you are the Author(s) or Editor(s).
  
  • The right, after publication of the journal, to post your manuscript to your individual website or personal university website.
- Publications
  Q: Claims - How do I claim a missing publication?
  To make a claim, go to Claiming Missing Issues for the Academy's claim policy and procedure for members and subscribers. Claims must be made within three months of publication date; Missed issues claimed within three months of the publication date will be replaced one time only; No more than 4 missing issues will be fulfilled during a one-year term; Claims for out of print issues cannot be fulfilled; Claims must be submitted in writing, either by mail fax or e-mail. Claims are not handled over the phone.
  Q: How can I advertise on the Academy's website or in its publications?
  There are ten valuable ways to advertise. For the list of advertising opportunities, rates and contact information go to Advertising. Also see Exhibits and Sponsorships.
  Q: How do I receive my Academy journal publications?
  All members receive the print and electronic versions. You do, however, have the option to receive all or some of your journals electronically only or print only. You can update your journal delivery preference through your Member Profile link
  Q: How many years of publications are available and searchable?
  The AOM Publications Portal contains a searchable database of articles since the inception of each Academy publication: AMJ-1958, AMR-1976, AME-1987, AMLE-2002 and the Best Papers Proceedings-1954. In addition to this, members may also use the Article Retrieval Service.
  Q: How often should I receive publications?
  If your dues are current you should receive the following publications in the month following their issue date.
  
  Academy of Management News, published quarterly: March, June, October, December
  Academy of Management Journal, published bi-monthly: February, April, June, August, October, December.
  Academy of Management Learning and Education, published quarterly: March, June, September, December.
  The Academy of Management Review, published quarterly: January, April, July, October.
  The Academy of Management Perspectives, published quarterly: February, May, August, November.
  The Academy of Management Annals is published annually.
  Q: I let my membership lapse. How do I obtain journals that I missed?
  Expired members continue to receive journals for a grace period of three months from their expiration date. If your membership has been expired for more than three months, you can 1) Renew Online and update your membership dues with your valid credit card or 2) Fax your renewal invoice with your credit card number to +1914-923-2615 or 3) Mail your renewal invoice with your payment.
  
  Once you renew your membership, you will be able to access your missed journal articles online through the Publications Portal . For more information or questions, contact us.
  Q: Journals - Are single issues of journals available for purchase?
  Yes. For the list of available issues and ordering instructions go to Claiming Missing Issues.
  Q: Journals - Do I have to be a member of the Academy to submit an article to your journals?
  No. Article submission is open to anyone. Each publication has specific submission guidelines. Please access the specific journal website to view those guidelines. Journals & Publications
  Q: Journals - Do I have to be an Academy member to subscribe to the journals?
  No. Although membership includes all four journals and is more economical, individuals who chose not to join may purchase subscriptions.
  For more see Subscriptions.
  Q: Journals - How can I obtain copies of articles from Academy journals and what is the cost?
  Single articles appearing in Academy publications within the last 12 months can be purchased through the Academy's document delivery service:
  
  AOM Publications Portal
  
  Articles obtained through the AOM Publications Portal are for personal reference only; permission must be obtained prior to photocopying, disseminating, or republishing articles. Please refer to Copy or Republish an Article for more information.
  
  To purchase articles published prior to the past 12 months please contact Michael J Davis.
  
  Q: Journals - I'm not sure I want to join the Academy. Can I get free samples of the journals?
  Free sample issues may be found online at the AOM Publications Portal. The Academy's journals are also widely available in University libraries. To learn more about the Academy's journals see Journals and Publications.
  Q: Journals - Who do I contact to get permission to reprint material from Academy journals?
  Permission must be obtained prior to photocopying, disseminating, or republishing articles. Please refer to the section on How to Obtain Permission to Copy or Republish Articles for more information.
  Q: Students - I am a student. Can you help me find information for my thesis or research project?
  No, not directly. The Academy is a professional membership association; we do not offer research services. However, students may join the Academy and receive four journals and access to the online article retrieval service. We also have a dynamic professional networking platform called AOM Connect where you can post research type questions to other member colleagues and groups. The Academy's journals, in hard copy and electronic format, are also widely available in University libraries. You should work closely with your faculty advisor on questions pertaining to your research.